Express Car Care of Denver

"Denver's Best Auto Repair and Quick Lube"

What is a Valvetrain and How Does it Work?

by

As drivers, we know what some car parts are for. The tires connect with the road. The steering wheel allows us to navigate turns and corners. Motor oil keeps the engine running smoothly. 

But other parts are a little more obscure. Like the valvetrain. It sounds important. But what exactly is a valvetrain, and how does it work?

What is a valvetrain?

In today’s modern cars, the valvetrain is integral to the engine’s functionality. It comprises various parts, such as valves, rocker arms, pushrods, camshafts, and lifters, that control the intake and exhaust of air and fuel in the engine. 

The valves open and close at specific intervals, allowing gasoline to enter the combustion chamber while expelling exhaust fumes. A well-maintained valvetrain ensures optimal engine performance, improving fuel efficiency, reducing emissions, and extending engine life. Therefore, it’s crucial to have a basic understanding of what a valvetrain is and how it contributes to your car’s overall performance.

How a valvetrain functions

To understand how a valvetrain functions, let’s begin with the basics of how an engine works. The engine’s pistons move up and down, creating pressure that drives a crankshaft, which powers the car’s motion. The valvetrain controls the air and fuel entering and leaving the combustion chamber, where the pistons move.

Each cylinder typically has two or more valves – an intake valve and an exhaust valve – both controlled by the valvetrain. The camshaft is a crucial part of the valvetrain and controls the timing of when the valves open and close. The camshaft rotates with the crankshaft, and its lobes push against the rocker arms attached to the valve stems, causing the valves to open and close.

The process of opening and closing valves is precisely timed to ensure that the right amount of fuel and air enters the combustion chamber while the correct amount of exhaust gasses are expelled, producing the desired power output.

Valvetrain components and what they do

A car is constructed from thousands of moving parts. The valvetrain is an intricate component with many parts coming together to keep your car operational. Parts include:

Camshaft

The camshaft is the heart of the valvetrain. It’s a rotating shaft with a series of cam lobes that control the opening and closing of the engine’s valves. As the camshaft rotates, the lobes push on the pushrods or rocker arms, causing them to move the valves up and down.

Pushrods

Pushrods are long, thin rods that connect the camshaft to the rocker arms. They transmit the motion of the cam lobe to the rocker arm, which then opens or closes the valve.

Rocker arms

Rocker arms are the pivoting levers that transfer the motion of the pushrod to the valve. They pivot on a shaft mounted on the cylinder head. The rocker arms come in various configurations, including stamped steel, cast aluminum, and roller tip designs.

What is a Valvetrain and How Does it Work?

Rocker shafts

Rocker shafts support the rocker arms and allow them to pivot smoothly. They are typically made of steel or aluminum and are mounted on the cylinder head.

Valve bridges

Valve bridges are small metal pieces that connect the intake and exhaust valves. They ensure that the valves open and close together, preventing interference between the valves.

Valves

The valves are the components that control the flow of air and fuel into the combustion chamber and the exhaust gasses out of the engine. There are typically two valves per cylinder, an intake valve, and an exhaust valve. The valves are opened and closed by the camshaft, pushrods, and rocker arms.

Valve springs

Valve springs are the coil springs that keep the valves closed when the engine is not running. They ensure that the valves close tightly against the valve seats, preventing any leakage of air or fuel.

Timing belt

The timing belt is a toothed belt that connects the camshaft to the crankshaft. It ensures that the camshaft rotates at the correct speed and in time with the crankshaft. The timing belt must be replaced periodically to prevent it from breaking and causing damage to the engine.

Belt tensioner

The belt tensioner is a component that maintains the proper tension on the timing belt. It ensures that the timing belt does not slip or jump teeth, which can cause the engine to run poorly or not at all.

Regular maintenance to keep the valvetrain at peak performance

One of the most important things you can do to keep your car’s valvetrain in peak performance is to change the oil regularly. Oil is the lifeblood of the valvetrain, and without proper lubrication, the valves can stick, causing damage to the engine. Additionally, the oil contains detergents and other additives that keep the valvetrain clean and prevent the buildup of carbon deposits.

Another essential maintenance task is to check the valve clearances regularly. Valve clearances, also known as valve lash, are the distance between the rocker arm and the valve stem when the valve is closed. Too much or too little clearance can lead to poor engine performance or damage. This is where it helps to have a mechanic you can rely on for regular maintenance. When they know a car well, they can help you maintain it over time. 

It’s also important to keep the air filter clean and replace it when necessary. A dirty air filter can reduce engine performance, causing the valves to work harder than they need to, wearing them out faster.

Is your car’s valvetrain in good working condition?

The valvetrain is a vital component of your car’s engine, and it’s essential to understand how it works to keep it well-maintained. Regular oil changes, checking valve clearances, and replacing air filters are just a few of the vital tasks required for proper valvetrain maintenance. 

By taking care of your car’s valvetrain, you can ensure optimal engine performance, prolong engine life, and save on fuel costs. So, the next time you’re behind the wheel, take a moment to appreciate the intricacies of your car’s valvetrain and give it the care it deserves.

Maintaining Your Car’s Refrigerant System For Optimal Performance

by

The temperatures are climbing all across the Front Range. 70. 80. 90 and more. It’s record-breaking heat, and your car isn’t happy. 

What’s worse, the temperature inside your car is even hotter. One study found that a car parked in the sun can reach 95 degrees or hotter within an hour. Dashboards can reach 157 degrees, and those seats can be a scorching 123 degrees. Ouch!

All of that can take a toll on your car’s air conditioner. It’s up to the refrigerant system to ensure its optimal performance. 

What do you know about refrigerant and how it helps maintain your car’s air conditioner? What you don’t know might impact you on the hottest days of the year. 

What is car refrigerant? 

Car refrigerant is a substance responsible for cooling the air in your vehicle’s air conditioning system. It circulates through a closed loop system, absorbing heat from the cabin and expelling it outside, creating a cooler environment inside. It plays a vital role in maintaining comfortable temperatures inside the car, especially during hot weather conditions.

Maintaining Your Car's Refrigerant System For Optimal Performance

Refrigerants are typically colorless, odorless, and tasteless, making it difficult to detect when running low or leaking. That may require analysis by a professional, but there are additional things you can do. 

Are there different types of refrigerant?

Refrigerants are not all the same. Over the years, different refrigerants have been used in car air conditioning systems. The most commonly used refrigerants are R-12 (dichlorodifluoromethane), R-134a (tetrafluoromethane), and the emerging R-1234yf (2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene). R-12, also known as Freon, was widely used until the 1990s but was phased out due to its adverse effects on the ozone layer.

R-134a replaced R-12 as the standard automotive refrigerant and is still widely used in vehicles today. It is a more environmentally friendly option and has a lower ozone depletion potential. R-1234yf is a newer refrigerant that offers even lower global warming potential than R-134a, making it more eco-friendly. However, not all vehicles are compatible with R-1234yf due to differences in system design and requirements.

Do all types of refrigerant work in every car?

Refrigerants are not interchangeable; they do not work in every car. The type of refrigerant your vehicle requires depends on its make, model, and the system it is equipped with. Older vehicles designed for R-12 refrigerant cannot be retrofitted to use R-134a without significant modifications to the air conditioning system.

Vehicles designed for R-134a may not be compatible with R-1234yf without system updates. It is crucial to consult your car’s manufacturer or refer to the owner’s manual to determine the appropriate refrigerant type for your vehicle. Using the wrong refrigerant can damage the system, leading to costly repairs. If you have any questions, we can help. 

What causes refrigerants to be depleted?

Refrigerant depletion can occur due to various factors. 

The most common cause is a leak in the system. Over time, wear and tear can cause tiny holes or cracks in the refrigerant lines or components. 

Exposure to extreme heat while parked in the sun can also cause refrigerants to leak. That intense heat can take its toll on many parts and components. 

Don’t think a long, grueling winter isn’t hard on your AC unit. Moisture can build up in the system over time, causing damage to the compressor, evaporator, and hoses. 

Refrigerants can gradually escape through the tiny pores of rubber hoses, o-rings, and seals. Even a small leak can result in a significant loss of refrigerant over time, compromising the system’s performance and efficiency. Regular maintenance is crucial to detect and repair leaks promptly.

How do you maintain a car air conditioner?

Have you noticed that maintenance is critical to keeping your car running and all systems checked and working well? No matter what component you’re considering or what system you may have issues with, maintenance is key to returning it to good working condition and ensuring your car always runs well. 

To maintain your car’s air conditioner and ensure optimal performance, consider these tips:

Regular Inspections – Schedule periodic inspections of your vehicle’s air conditioning system by a qualified technician. They can check for leaks, test system pressures, and assess overall performance.

Leak Detection – If you notice a decline in cooling performance or an unusual hissing sound, it may indicate a refrigerant leak. Have it inspected and repaired as soon as possible to prevent further depletion.

Recharging – If your car’s air conditioning system is not cooling as effectively as before, it may be a sign that the refrigerant levels are low. Recharging the system with the appropriate refrigerant might be necessary. Recharging should be done by a professional who can accurately measure and add the correct amount of refrigerant to the system.

Cabin Air Filter Maintenance – The cabin air filter plays a vital role in maintaining the air quality inside your vehicle. A clogged or dirty air filter can restrict airflow, reducing the efficiency of the air conditioning system. Regularly inspect and replace the cabin air filter according to the manufacturer’s recommendations to ensure proper airflow and system performance.

Use the System Regularly – Running your car’s air conditioning system regularly, even during cooler months, helps maintain the system’s integrity. This practice prevents seals and hoses from drying out, reducing the likelihood of leaks. It also helps circulate the refrigerant, lubricating various components and keeping them in good working condition.

Keep the Condenser Clean – The condenser is located behind the grille at the front of your car. It is responsible for releasing heat from the refrigerant. Over time, debris such as leaves, dirt, and bugs can accumulate on the condenser fins, obstructing airflow and reducing cooling efficiency. Regularly clean the condenser using compressed air or a gentle stream of water to remove debris and ensure optimal airflow.

Protect from Excessive Heat – Prolonged exposure to extreme heat can damage the refrigerant and other components of your car’s air conditioning system. Whenever possible, park your vehicle in shaded areas or use sunshades to minimize the interior temperature. This practice reduces the strain on the system and helps maintain its performance and efficiency.

Seek Professional Help – While car owners can perform some maintenance tasks, seeking professional help for complex repairs or system diagnostics is essential. Certified technicians have the expertise and specialized equipment to effectively identify and resolve issues with your car’s refrigerant system.

Maintaining your car’s refrigerant system

Proper maintenance of your car’s refrigerant system is crucial for ensuring optimal air conditioning system performance. These steps will help prolong your car’s refrigerant system’s life span and save you money on costly repairs in the long run.

How can we help you get ready for summer? 

All About Timing Belts: What They Do and When to Replace Them

by

Cars have more than 10,000 parts ensuring they stay operational for many years. 

Some components you understand you’ll have to replace from time to time. You replace motor oil, windshield wipers, and tires on a routine. 

But what about a timing belt? (Sometimes referred to as a timing chain.) How much do you know about timing belts? Or what the maintenance schedule looks like?

The more you know, the better prepared you’ll be to recognize the warning signs of a timing belt failing, and what you should do along the way. 

What is a timing belt?

Every internal combustion engine has a timing belt. It synchronizes the rotation of the crankshaft and the camshaft(s), ensuring that the engine’s valves open and close properly during the engine’s operation. 

The timing belt is typically made of rubber with high-tensile fibers, and it is driven by the crankshaft and wraps around the camshaft(s), keeping them synchronized with the crankshaft.

Timing belts are crucial components of an engine, as they ensure that the valves open and close at the correct time. This prevents collisions between the valves and the pistons. 

All About Timing Belts: What They Do and When to Replace Them

If the timing belt breaks or slips, the engine may stop working or suffer serious damage, so following the manufacturer’s recommended maintenance schedule to replace the timing belt is essential.

What function does the timing belt play in a car’s operation?

The timing belt plays a crucial role in a car’s operation by synchronizing the rotation of the engine’s camshaft(s) and crankshaft. The camshaft(s) control the opening and closing of the engine’s valves, while the crankshaft controls the movement of the pistons.

The timing belt ensures that the camshaft(s) and crankshaft are in the correct position, so that the valves open and close at the right time with the movement of the pistons. This is important because if the valves are not properly timed, they can collide with the pistons, causing severe damage to the engine.

Regular maintenance, including replacement of the timing belt according to the manufacturer’s recommendations, is essential to prevent potential damage to the engine and ensure reliable performance.

Signs a timing belt is failing

Luckily, a timing belt rarely fails without warning signs of a potential problem. Listen to your car – is it making noises? Take a whiff – do you smell something that’s not quite right? Your vehicle provides lots of guidance – if you pay attention. 

Manufacturers recommend replacing the timing belt every 30,000 to 120,000 miles, depending on the make and model. Manufacturers base this engine performance and driving conditions, which change in every situation. Start by checking your owner’s manual. Then pay attention to your car, especially if you start to notice:

  • Engine misfires – A worn or damaged timing belt can cause the engine to misfire or run erratically, leading to poor performance and reduced power.
  • Ticking noise from the engine – A ticking noise from the engine can indicate that the timing belt is loose or damaged and is not properly controlling the opening and closing of the valves.
  • Difficulty starting the engine – A worn timing belt can cause the engine to struggle to start or not start. This is because the belt may have stretched, causing the engine to be out of sync.
  • Oil leaking from the engine – A damaged timing belt can cause oil to leak from the engine, which can be a sign that the timing belt needs to be replaced.
  • Visible wear or damage – It is time to replace it if you can see signs of wear or damage to the timing belt, such as cracks, missing teeth, or fraying.

When should you replace a timing belt?

The timing belt is a critical component in a car’s engine, and it is essential to replace it before it fails. The manufacturer’s recommended replacement interval for the timing belt varies depending on the make and model of the vehicle. It can range from 30,000 to 120,000 miles or 5 to 10 years, whichever comes first. It is essential to refer to your car’s owner’s manual to determine your vehicle’s recommended replacement interval.

It is generally recommended to replace the timing belt as a preventative maintenance measure before it reaches its recommended replacement interval. This is because a failed timing belt can cause severe damage to the engine, resulting in expensive repairs.

If you notice any signs of a failing timing belt from above, you should have it inspected by a qualified mechanic as soon as possible. Additionally, if you purchase a used car and do not know the service history of the timing belt, it is recommended to have it replaced as a precautionary measure.

Should you replace your timing belt yourself?

In most cases, the answer is: No. The timing belt is complicated to replace and is often in a place that makes it difficult to service. 

Special tools are often needed to install a timing belt correctly. Plus, other parts may need replacement while installing a new timing belt. Aligning the camshaft gears with the crankshaft gear should follow the manufacturer’s specs. Even if a gear is one “tooth” off, it has the risk of running rough. 

And that could be detrimental to the overall operation of your vehicle. 

When the pros replace the timing belt, they often replace things like the drive belts, water pump, change the motor oil and filter, and flush the cooling system. It all depends on the timing belt’s location and what makes the most sense for your vehicle. 

What condition is your timing belt in?

Those 10,000 parts go through a lot each day. 

  • They take on the hottest days and the snowiest conditions.
  • They hit potholes, speed bumps, and road construction. 
  • They drive to work, sit in the carpool line, help you run errands, and sit through miles of traffic.

Each moment impacts your car differently. How is each part still working together?

The only way you’ll know is through regular servicing. 

It’s the one way one of our trained mechanics can determine if each part on your vehicle is still working together. 

How well is your timing belt working? If you have any questions, bring it in for an inspection. 

We’re here to help keep you driving, regardless of road conditions.

Sticking to a Budget – How To Handle Auto Repairs

by

When you’re living on a tight budget, bringing your car in for auto repairs can be a bit intimidating. What you thought would be a simple repair can quickly turn into an expensive overhaul. 

But waiting isn’t an option either. If you ignore the warning signs, it’s a surefire way of letting the problem escalate. And you’ll have to face the problem sooner or later. 

How do you handle auto repairs that pop up throughout the year … and stick to a budget too?

Start by finding a friend in the auto repair business

Finding a reliable auto mechanic can be daunting, especially if you are new to the area or not very familiar with car maintenance. However, with a little bit of research and due diligence, you can find a mechanic that you can trust to keep your car running smoothly. We often suggest:

Ask for recommendations: Ask friends, family, and coworkers for recommendations of mechanics they have used and trust. They may be able to provide valuable insight into the mechanic’s reliability, quality of work, and pricing.

Sticking to a Budget - How To Handle Auto Repairs

Check online reviews: Look for online reviews of mechanics in your area. This can be a great way to get a sense of the mechanic’s reputation and the type of service they provide. Be sure to read multiple reviews from different sources to understand the mechanic better. You can also get a pretty good idea of who they are by looking at their website. How much thought and care do they put into making it shine?

Ask about the mechanic’s experience: It’s always a good idea to ask about the mechanic’s experience and training. A mechanic with more experience and training will likely have a deeper understanding of how cars work and be able to diagnose and fix problems more accurately.

Get estimates: Don’t be afraid to get estimates from multiple mechanics. This can help you compare prices and get a sense of what is a fair price for the work that needs to be done. Keep in mind that the lowest price may not always be the best deal, as cheaper mechanics may cut corners or use lower quality parts.

Trust your gut: Trust your instincts. If you get a good feeling about a mechanic and feel like they are trustworthy and competent, chances are they are. On the other hand, if you have a bad feeling about a mechanic, it’s probably best to look elsewhere.

How to tell the difference between auto repairs that need immediate action and those you can wait on

It is essential to properly maintain your vehicle to ensure its safe and efficient operation. However, some car repairs can be more pressing than others, and it is important to identify which ones should be addressed immediately and which ones can wait. Here are some tips on how to tell the difference:

Safety: If a repair poses a safety risk to you or other drivers, it should be addressed as soon as possible. For example, if your brakes are not functioning correctly, you should have them repaired immediately to avoid the risk of an accident.

Performance: If a repair is affecting your vehicle’s performance, it is generally best to address it sooner rather than later. For example, if your engine is misfiring or your transmission is slipping, these issues can lead to further damage if left unaddressed.

Cost: In some cases, it may be more cost-effective to address a repair sooner rather than later. For example, if a small oil leak is not addressed and it leads to further damage, the cost of the repair could be much higher than if the leak had been fixed initially.

Convenience: If a repair is causing inconvenience or discomfort, it may be worth addressing sooner rather than later. For example, if your air conditioning is not working, it may be more comfortable to have it fixed during the summer rather than waiting until the fall.

Frequency: If a problem occurs frequently, it is best to address it as soon as possible. For example, if you constantly have to refill your radiator with coolant, this could be a sign of a more significant issue that should be addressed.

A proactive approach to auto repair can be better for the budget

Being proactive with auto repairs means taking steps to prevent problems with your vehicle before they occur, or identifying and addressing issues as soon as they are detected. This can help you avoid costly repairs and downtime, and ensure that your vehicle is always running at its best.

There are several ways to be proactive with auto repairs:

Follow a regular maintenance schedule: Your vehicle’s manufacturer will likely provide a schedule for routine maintenance, such as oil changes and tire rotations. Following this schedule can help you catch minor problems before they become major issues.

Pay attention to warning signs: If your vehicle is exhibiting strange noises, smells, or behavior, don’t ignore it. These could be signs of an underlying issue that needs to be addressed.

Regularly check and maintain your vehicle: Regularly inspecting your vehicle for signs of wear and tear, and addressing any issues as soon as they are detected, can help prevent significant problems down the road.

Use high-quality parts and fluids: Using high-quality parts and fluids can help extend the life of your vehicle and prevent problems from occurring. Find a trusted mechanic, and you’ll never worry about inferior parts.

Keep records of repairs and maintenance: Keeping detailed records of all repairs and maintenance performed on your vehicle can help you identify patterns and issues, and make it easier to diagnose problems in the future.

By being proactive with auto repairs, you can help ensure that your vehicle stays in top condition and minimizes the risk of unexpected breakdowns. This can save you time, money, and hassle in the long run.

What’s your approach to auto repair? 

The Most Common Sensors Used In Your Car’s Engine

by

A car’s engine can be considered the central component that gives a vehicle the power to move. An internal combustion engine creates tiny, contained explosions to produce the energy necessary for movement. And while many refer to it as a car engine, it’s actually made up of several individual components all working together simultaneously. Engine sensors give it precision, ensuring the car engine works seamlessly as it ages. 

A car engine is designed around sealed, metal cylinders. Most vehicles today have between four and eight cylinders, which are made to open and close precisely as fuel and air enter with a spark for burning internally, exhausting the gasses produced outside. While there are many separate components, the essential include:

  • Engine block – the core of the engine 
  • Pistons – transfers energy created from combustion to the crankshaft to help propel the vehicle 
  • Crankshaft – the crankshaft turns the pistons up and down at engine speed
  • Camshaft – the camshaft regulates the timing of opening and closing of the valves, and the up and down motion of the crankshaft to control the movement of the pushrods and valves. 
  • Cylinder head –  is attached to the engine through cylinder bolts, sealed within the head gasket. It contains many of the internal parts of the engine and controls the passageways that allow airflow into the cylinders and exhaust back out. 
  • Timing belt/chain – the camshaft and crankshaft need precise timing to work properly. The timing belt/chain provides the action. 

While each of these components and systems are designed to work seamlessly together, modern day vehicles also use sensors for more precise movement. Modern car engines have up to 30 separate sensors to keep everything running properly, to control everything, and ensure optimal performance. 

The Most Common Sensors Used In Your Car’s Engine

Not every vehicle will come with the same type of sensors. Yet some are more universal, meaning you can find them across the board. The most common sensors in a car engine include:

Engine oil level sensor

One of the most common sensors is the engine oil level sensor. This sensor measures the oil levels inside the engine, ensuring it’s operating at safe capacity. If the oil drops below a certain level, the sensor will catch it and illuminate an oil level warning light on your dashboard. This sensor is often located at the bottom of the oil pan, which requires draining the engine oil in order to replace it. 

Engine oil pressure sensor

The engine oil pressure sensor is similar to the oil level sensor. It measures the oil pressure from the oil pump. It’s located at the engine block, often near the fuel filter.  These can often crack with age, which can cause a leak before it malfunctions. In most cases, people notice this when it illuminates on the dashboard. 

Coolant temperature sensor

A coolant temperature sensor monitors the coolant temperature, which is a great way to determine how efficient your engine’s overall temperature is. If an engine gets too hot, damage can occur. In newer cars, this coolant temperature monitors the inside temperature and can turn the engine off if the temperature gets too high.  

Mass airflow sensor

This sensor measures the amount of air flowing into the engine. It’s a computerized device that regulates the volume and density of air being moved throughout the system. It also ensures fuel is taken into the engine at the proper level. It’s located on the intake hose between the intake manifold and the air filter. 

Oxygen sensors

Oxygen sensors measure the air-fuel mixture from the exhaust, and determine how effective the catalytic converter is. One oxygen sensor measures air effectiveness before it enters the catalytic converter, and the other measures effectiveness after. If not enough emissions control is performed during the process, it alerts you via the check engine light on the dashboard. 

Knock sensors

Engine knock is a severe problem in combustion engines. It’s caused when the air/fuel mixture in the cylinder does not result in detonation and ignition from the spark plug. A knock sensor is there to ensure the engine doesn’t suffer from detonation, or the knocking process of not igniting correctly. A knock in the car engine can cause extensive damage to the internal parts. The knock sensor focuses this process and alerts you to a potential problem.

Crankshaft/camshaft position sensors

Engine timing relies on the crankshaft and camshaft executing in perfect tune. Position sensors time both to ensure they move together, always knowing where the other one is. If those positions are off even a fraction of a percent, you need to know as soon as possible. Having sensors on both the crankshaft and camshaft ensures both are in the proper position every time they move. 

Engine speed sensor

This sensor is attached to the crankshaft, and is responsible for monitoring the spinning motion. This controls fuel injection as well as timing for when the engine runs. This sensor ensures the car won’t stall or spin out of control while driving down the road. 

Manifold absolute pressure sensor

The manifold absolute pressure sensor measures the pressure in the manifold. It further supports the mass airflow sensor by measuring how much air makes it into the engine. This is critical to fuel-injection engines as it optimizes the air-fuel ratio for optimal performance. 

Exhaust temperature sensor

Depending on the make and model of your car, you may have one to four exhaust sensors designed to measure exhaust gas temperature before and after the particle filter. It controls engine conditions and effectively reduces emissions. 

Summary

While these aren’t all the sensors located throughout the engine compartment, it’s a list of just some of the sensors you’ll find in a vehicle. These are some of the more common sensors, and are likely to be the ones you’ll encounter problems with. 

While dashboard lights may be a bit annoying when they illuminate frequently, they are designed to alert you to problems as they arise, before they escalate into more significant problems. It’s the perfect way to fix an issue before it has the chance to destroy your car. 

What engine sensors have you had a problem with in the past? 

How Engine Knocking Impacts Your Vehicle

by

When you start your car each morning, you may have your mind on many things. Taking the kids to school. The meeting you have after lunch. The book club you enjoy once a month. 

But then you hear a strange noise from underneath the hood of your vehicle. What’s that knocking noise? Should you drive your car? Should you call in a tow truck and start rescheduling your day? 

How an engine works

Our modern-day engines work in a four-movement process: intake, compression, power, exhaust. 

First, air and fuel move into the engine compartment and start the process. Combustion starts as the spark plug and ignition create enough pressure at maximum efficiency. A mixture of fuel/air burns, causing gasses to expand and push pistons downwards rapidly. Pressure rises to peak, until the exhaust valve opens and the piston retracts to eliminate the burned gas. 

This process can work perfectly over and over again. Until one day, something goes wrong. 

What causes engine knocking

There are a handful of causes for engine knocking. The most common include:

How Engine Knocking Impacts Your Vehicle

Wrong fuel type

Your car’s engine was designed to operate with a specific octane level. If you hear the engine knocking as you accelerate, it’s most likely caused by having the wrong fuel, specifically with a lower octane level than as designed. 

You may have refueled with the wrong gas type. Or the gas station had bad fuel in the tanks. Either way, you have fuel with a low octane in your fuel tank, causing premature combustion. This will cause the engine to knock. 

If the issue occurs suddenly after refilling, you can fix the problem on your next refueling. Or you could try using an octane booster to raise the octane level up again. 

Bad knock sensor

Your vehicle has many sensors throughout to keep the various systems in check. A knock sensor is designed to prevent engine knock. 

An engine strives for maximum performance. The control system pushes for advanced ignition to reach for better performance. If the octane level of the fuel source doesn’t meet expectations, the engine will require a slower ignition process to operate without engine knock. The knock sensor’s job is to monitor for any knocks, and if one occurs, to slow down the ignition process to prevent engine damage. 

If the knock sensor goes bad, this control process is no longer in place. This means it could be sending false signals to the engine control, creating an ignition process out of correct timing. Either way, it can cause damage to various components inside the engine. 

Incorrect engine timing

Depending on the age of your vehicle, a faulty ignition timing could cause engine knock on an older vehicle. 

Newer cars control the ignition timing electronically, so the process is controlled by a sensor, and you won’t be able to adjust the timing. 

On an older car, you may have an adjustable ignition timing on either the distributor, an adjustable cam, or crankshaft position sensor. An ignition timing light is used to check the timing. Your owner’s manual will have more information on setting the timing properly. Of course, it’s something you can bring your vehicle in for, and we’ll ensure it’s working optimally. 

Lean fuel/air mixture

The fuel/air mixture circulates through various components inside the engine compartment. It heats up in the engine while cooling down in the combustion chamber. If the fuel/air mixture is too lean, it loses its cooling capabilities and will cause the combustion chamber to overheat.

This heat can cause the fuel/air mixture to ignite prematurely before the spark plug delivers a spark. This can cause the engine to knock. This is dangerous for the engine because of how it delivers heat. It can be hazardous for many components, even causing the pistons to melt down over time. 

Incorrect spark plugs

While not common, occasionally, the wrong spark plugs may be installed. If they aren’t functioning correctly, they won’t produce the spark necessary at the right time. 

If you’ve recently changed your spark plugs and notice engine knock, a quick check will ensure you have installed the correct spark plugs. 

Other problems 

If you only hear a knocking sound when accelerating, chances are it’s engine knock. If you consistently hear the noise at other times, it may be something else.  

This is when you should bring your vehicle in for a complete inspection, as the problem may stem from timing belt issues, bad rod bearings, or a faulty fuel injector. 

How to fix engine knock

The good news is engine knock is fairly easy to fix. 

The first step is to determine when the engine knock started. If it was after your last fill-up, it’s most likely from filling up your tank with gasoline. To fix it, you can try an octane booster, or replace the fuel currently in the system.

You can also check the spark plugs if they were recently changed. While not a common reason for engine knock, it does occasionally happen. Be sure the spark plugs installed are specifically designed for your make and model. 

If you have an older car with an adjustable ignition timing, check the timing and adjust it as needed. You can check your owner’s manual to find out if you have this system in place. 

If you just aren’t sure or prefer to get a professional’s take on what’s happening with your car, bringing it in for an inspection can help get to the root of the problem. A diagnostic scanner can pinpoint where the problem lies, providing trouble codes to help you determine what to fix. A professional will have the right tools for the job, and be able to fix the problem and get you back on the road quickly. 

Have you experienced engine knock?

The best way to ensure your vehicle stays operating well is to provide the necessary fluids and components for each system. 

Fill your tank from a reputable source. 

Ensure spark plugs fit your make and model. 

And when you hear any noise out of the ordinary, the quicker you bring it in for inspection, the better chance you have of stopping the problem before it escalates. 

How can we help you keep your car’s engine healthy? 

Tired Of Low Fuel Efficiency While Towing?

by

Ah, the joys of summer. You’ve bought all the toys, and love heading into the mountains for a weekend of fun. But towing trailers, boats, and other utility items can take its toll on fuel efficiency. 

You’ve experienced low fuel efficiency repeatedly while towing. What can you do? 

With gas prices inching ever upward, fuel efficiency is something you think about more than ever. If it’s making you think twice about taking a few days away from city life, there are a few things you can do. 

Understanding fuel economy

When you think about fuel economy, it comes down to understanding what pushes your vehicle to move harder. The more pressure it has while moving itself and what you’re towing, the more fuel it will use. 

If your goal is to improve fuel economy while towing, you need to take action where it makes the biggest difference. 

The biggest factor is weight. It takes more energy to accelerate and decelerate every time you start, stop, or move the combined vehicle up the road. This is where it pays to take a second look at the items you are bringing. Are there things that rarely get used? Are there things you can lighten up? 

The second biggest impactor is aerodynamics. This is how the wind is affected as the combined vehicle/trailer moves through the air. If you change the way your vehicle is shaped, it can have an impact on efficiency. 

Of course, more minor issues can impact overall efficiency too. 

Tired Of Low Fuel Efficiency While Towing?

Tires – are tires on the vehicle and trailer in good working condition? Proper inflation and tire pressure helps keep the vehicle properly connected to the road. 

Brakes – if a brake drags while you’re driving, it adds resistance to the drive, and reduces fuel efficiency. 

Trailer stability – no matter how well your vehicle is maintained, if the item you are towing is wobbly and not fully operational, it will impact your drive, and ultimately, your efficiency. 

What can you do to increase fuel efficiency while towing?

Before you head out on the open road for time away from the normal routine, spending a few minutes thinking about efficiency can make all the difference. The best place to start is with the things you can control.

Vehicle weight – what you’re carrying takes up space. The heavier your combined vehicle is, the more energy it will take to get it where you’re going. Weight affects energy. So to improve fuel economy, if you take only what you need, there will be less to tow. Are there ways to condense the items you’re bringing? That means less pressure every time you start and stop. 

Aerodynamics – this is where engineering comes into play. Have you noticed how semi-trucks are changing? They create more aerodynamics to make the driving process more efficient. You can do the same with the load you are carrying. You can do this by the size of the load you’re carrying, as well as by focusing on the amount of drag you have on the load. Do you have luggage racks, bicycles, and other personal items attached to the vehicle in various places? Do you have streamlined lines, or is it more random? There is a lot of turbulence around the trailer as you drive. If you can make the structure more aerodynamic, you’ll notice a difference in the fuel usage. 

Plan your route – when you have a big load, the shortest distance between two points isn’t necessarily the best route. Instead, focus on the drive itself. Can you avoid high-traffic zones, where you’ll idle and waste fuel? Can you avoid high wind areas where you’ll increase resistance throughout the drive, possibly putting your vehicle in harm’s way? Not every obstruction is avoidable. But with a little foresight, sometimes you can find better ways to arrive at your final destination. 

Slow down – just because a speed limit is posted doesn’t mean you have to abide by it. Most American vehicles reach peak efficiency somewhere between 50 and 60 miles. Pushing your vehicle faster will make you lose efficiency the faster you drive. Yes, you might not arrive at your final destination quite as fast as anticipated. This might give you an opportunity to stop sooner in more unique places. Where else can you stop along your route? 

Keep up with maintenance – this includes your vehicle and what you tow. Letting even one thing slide can impact the drivability of your vehicle, which in turn affects your fuel economy. This includes the obvious things like changing your oil and fixing any mechanical parts that may need replacing. Pay attention to the tires, and replace them early before you risk damage while on the road. This can be especially true if you haven’t had your trailer on the road in months. Ensure everything is in good working condition, well-lubricated, and firmly attached to your vehicles for lower wind resistance.  

Drive less – planning is everything, both before and during your trip. Combine errands whenever possible. Think twice about driving longer distances – is there someplace closer you can go? Instead of heading out several weekends to different parts of the surrounding area, what if you combined it into one long vacation? Not only is this a fuel efficient thing to do, but it also helps you relax more without the added stress of longer drive times and less stress. 

Towing doesn’t have to ruin fuel efficiency

In fact, if you pay attention to the tips above, you might be surprised at how more efficient you make your vehicle, and how much more you enjoy your time away. 

Towing a vehicle is never easy. But with a little forethought, you can improve the efficiency with and without the trailer too. 

Wherever you’re going, whatever the driving conditions, you’ll see your mileage increase with just a few simple tips. And that’s more money you can take with you and enjoy on your vacations away from everything. 

Yes, The Type of Fuel You Put Into Your Car Matters

by

When you pull up to fill your car up with gas, you usually have a choice of several types of fuel. You make a selection – regular, plus, premium – and let the fuel flow into your tank. You hop into your car and move on your way. 

But have you ever stopped to think about the type of fuel you use and what it does for your vehicle? Does fuel type matter? 

From the moment we buy a car, we put fuel into the tank without thinking much about it. You’re programmed to select a fuel grade, fill it up, and head out into your day. Yet most of us think little about it. What goes into the fuel before you put it into the tank?

Fuel is made up of chemicals designed to keep your car running smoothly. Of course, every fuel manufacturer interprets what that means in a different way. While your owner’s manual dictates the right type of fuel needed to keep your car operational, you might be wondering: What’s the difference? 

Gasoline is manufactured from crude oil. Crude oil undergoes a variety of refinery processes before it ends up at your local gas station. Additives include aromatic compounds, detergents, isoparaffins, and other additives required by the EPA.

Gasoline is typically sold by octane ratings. The theory states that higher octane should result in more power to the engine, while decreasing the likelihood of unburnt fuel running through the system and exiting the exhaust. 

Regular octane ratings start at 87 for regular, 88 to 90 for a mid-grade fuel, and 91 to 94 for premium. This rating helps manufacturers measure the ability to resist “knocking” during combustion. Under certain conditions, the fuel/air mixture can ignite early. This is called pre-ignition, and often makes a knocking sound similar to a percolator.

Yes, The Type of Fuel You Put Into Your Car Matters

 In other words, octane controls the ability of the fuel not to detonate early before it has a chance to mix with the air supply and spark as it ignites. Octane measures gasoline’s resistance to pre-ignition. Higher octane provides less likelihood of detonation. 

Why some cars need higher octane

Some cars are built with higher output. They use a higher compression rate to produce more power. They compress the fuel/air mixture more, creating excess heat. This can allow pre-ignition to occur. These cars need the higher octane fuel to ensure gasoline doesn’t ignite early. 

If you drive a car that requires premium gas, it will say so in the owner’s manual. It’s always a good idea to stick with the fuel source recommended by your car’s manufacturer. But it won’t kill your engine, or cause immediate damage if you fill up with a lower grade fuel. It can harm your engine over time, but occasionally filling up with a lower grade won’t damage it immediately. But it can speed up wear and tear. 

What fuel is recommended

When you first purchase a vehicle, getting to know your car is a good idea. The owner’s manual will recommend what type of fuel you should use in your car, what octane level your vehicle will operate best at. 

Regular fuel is recommended for engines that don’t have a high compression rate. It doesn’t rely on turbocharging to force air into the fuel/air mixture. The fuel/air ratio remains relatively stable throughout the engine consumption process, and a higher octane isn’t required to keep the mix from detonating prematurely. Regular fuel will contain additives and detergents to help clean and lubricate the engine, keeping it in good working condition without leaving deposits on the various engine parts. 

Premium fuel is recommended or required for engines with a high compression ratio, or come with a turbocharger. When the higher compression or turbocharge kicks in, it forces more air into the engine to help pull more energy from the detonation process. Without the higher octane fuel mixture, it can become unstable and prone to premature detonation. Premium fuel was created for stability as the fuel/air mixture changes with the uptick of air. Some manufacturers also provide more detergents and octane additives to ensure engines remain clean, lubricated, and offer you optimal performance. 

What about upgrading the type of fuel?

If premium gasoline improves the performance of vehicles that need it, what about other cars? It’s natural to assume that what is good for performance with one vehicle will help with others too. 

A non-turbocharged vehicle is designed to operate on regular fuel. When you fill up with regular fuel, the engine gets the recommended octane rating, ensuring the engine receives the proper fuel. If you put in premium instead, it will offer a higher octane. While this isn’t bad and won’t hurt the engine, it doesn’t offer any benefit. It will cost you because you’ll be paying more at the fueling station. 

Gas at high altitude 

Here in Denver, we drive at a higher elevation on a daily basis. Head up into the high country, and you add even more stress to your vehicle. 

Gas stations try to compensate for this in some cases by selling lower octane fuel. They deem that with thinner air, it lowers a car’s compression ratio, which in turn makes a lower octane fuel acceptable. While that may work for older cars, with newer fuel-injected engines, they detect the lower air levels and adjust accordingly. They expect the fuel as recommended, and make the necessary changes accordingly. 

As you drive here in Denver, stick with manufacturers’ guidelines and choose the level of octane recommended. Even if you take a road trip to lower altitudes, select the octane level closest to what is listed in your owner’s manual. 

What type of fuel does your car use?

What fuel your car runs on does matter. 

To keep your vehicle in good working condition, check to see what octane your car’s manufacturer recommends. Then select a high quality gasoline that feeds your car’s engine with high quality gasoline every time you fuel up. 

Your car will thank you for it down the road. 

Is It Time To Change Your Spark Plugs?

by

How often do you jump into your car in the morning, turn the key, and drive away to start your day without a problem? With a well-maintained vehicle, that describes almost every day. 

Yet there comes a time when you turn the key and it doesn’t feel right. Maybe it takes a while for the engine to turn over. Or maybe you hear no sound at all. 

What is it?

While most immediately think it might be the battery, (it’s a good guess and is worth checking out,) it could also be your spark plugs. While you don’t have to change your spark plugs the way you do motor oil or an air filter, spark plugs can and do wear out over time. 

What are spark plugs?

A spark plug is a small device that plugs into the cylinder head in the engine, providing the spark for combustion between the battery and the spark plug. 

The spark plug sits at the top of the cylinder head. The piston moves down into the cylinder, taking in fuel and air. As it moves back up, it compresses the fuel and air, allowing the spark plug to spark and ignite the mixture. This gives the vehicle energy as it pushes back down, clearing out exhaust as it finishes its cycle. The process starts all over again. 

Is It Time To Change Your Spark Plugs?

A four-cylinder car will have four pistons and four spark plugs. A six-cylinder vehicle will have six. This little tool is a reliable component that keeps on working through thousands of rotations every single time you take your car out on the road. For example, in a four-cylinder 2.0-liter engine, spark plugs will fire 200 times per minute while sitting and idling. 

Different types of spark plugs

Like other parts of your car, there are different types of spark plugs available depending on the type of engine your car has. Choosing is based on several things: how many cylinders your engine has as well as performance. 

You’ll find spark plugs at all price points, with the cheaper ones, in general, providing a shorter life span. Manufacturers will recommend which type of spark plug to use, so it’s a good idea to check your owner’s manual. Different spark plug types include:

  • Copper – this has been around for decades and is the most common and economical. They also have the shortest life span of about 30,000 miles. 
  • Iridium – provides a long life, which is also reflected in the cost. These are performance driven, so if your vehicle’s manufacturer recommends them, sticking with them will ensure your car remains in top working condition. 
  • Platinum – one of the newer additions to the market, a platinum spark plug will typically last as long as 100,000 before needing replacement. They run hotter and reduce carbon buildup in your engine. 
  • Double platinum – these are common in cars with “wasted spark ignition systems” where two spark plugs fire at once. This increases wear and tear on the spark plugs, and will be replaced more often than other types. 

When should you replace your spark plugs

If you check with your owner’s manual, the manufacturer will recommend how often you should replace the spark plugs. Use that as a guide for general upkeep and maintenance. However, your vehicle does provide other warning signs if the spark plugs start wearing down. 

Check engine light – this frequent dashboard light can signal a variety of problems inside the engine compartment. If a plug starts to fail, it will send a warning signal through the check engine light. If a spark plug doesn’t provide proper ignition, it can cause the engine to misfire. A misfiring spark can also generate rough idling, uneven power while accelerating, and a greater chance of exhaust emissions. 

Trouble starting – the spark plugs provide one of the most important jobs when you first start your car. Without the initial spark, the engine wouldn’t receive enough power to turn over and stay operational. As spark plugs wear down, they have a harder time creating that spark that powers the engine. If the engine cranks over but has difficulty trying to turn it on, it could be a problem with the spark plugs. If there’s no power at all, it’s most likely the battery. 

Rough idle – when you start to notice the engine knocking, rattling, or pinging, the spark plugs may be to blame. 

Acceleration issues – driving is something we do often enough that we have certain handling and performance expectations. If it suddenly isn’t as responsive as it once was, it’s a sign of a part wearing down to the point of eventual failure. Spark plugs can cause your vehicle to feel sluggish when you press on the gas pedal, giving you a feeling of unresponsiveness. You’ll feel like you’re stepping on the pedal harder trying to make the car go. 

Filling up at the gas station more – as spark plugs continue to wear down, it will increase fuel consumption. Spark plugs will no longer burn fuel effectively, meaning you’ll need more fuel to accomplish the same process. According to the National Institute for Automotive Service Excellence, a bad spark plugs can decrease fuel economy by up to 30 percent.

What happens if you wait too long to change your spark plugs

Can you keep putting off spark plug maintenance or replacement? Drivers do it all the time. 

But those little warning signs will continue to grow. 

It’ll take longer for the engine to turn over while you turn the key as the spark plugs have more trouble catching a spark. 

You’ll be pulling into the filling station more frequently, watching your gas efficiency plummet as more gas is needed to keep the vehicle running. 

You’ll hear more noises coming from the engine compartment as it has trouble keeping the entire system running the way that it should. 

The more stress is put on the engine compartment, the more it impacts other parts and components. What could have been an easy maintenance issue – changing the spark plugs – can accelerate into a more expensive fix. 

What’s the easiest way to keep repair costs low and keep your car in good working condition? Maintain your car on a schedule, and bring it in at the first sign of a change. 

It’s the best way to keep your car running well, there for you, whenever you decide to head out for a drive.

3 Things You Should Do (and 3 Things You Shouldn’t) When Your Car Overheats

by

Sometimes you rely on gut instinct to direct you to take action. 

Imagine your family is heading to the mountains for a fun-filled weekend. You start climbing the hill, feeling a tug at the engine. The temperature gauge starts to climb. You might even see a little smoke escaping from around the hood. 

Now what?  

This is what happens as your car overheats. 

Some things might be a gut reaction. Your instinct kicks in and guides you to what you should do. But is it the right thing? Will you cause your vehicle more harm than good?

Why will a car overheat?

Your car may overheat for many reasons. In general, it’s because there’s a problem somewhere within the cooling systems, and heat isn’t able to escape from the engine compartment. It might be:

A bad radiator – a radiator can go bad in many ways. Maybe you kicked up debris from the road, puncturing the radiator which allows coolant to leak from inside. Debris in the coolant that circulates through the radiator may cause problems from the inside. Whatever the case, if the radiator isn’t working properly, it won’t keep your car cool, especially as you add strain to the engine climbing up a hill. 

3 Things You Should Do (and 3 Things You Shouldn’t) When Your Car Overheats

A bad radiator hose – hoses are created from plastic and rubber. A radiator hose feeds the engine coolant directly to the radiator, ensuring a constant flow for protection. With age, holes can form, causing leaks. Debris can cause blockages from the inside. And anything that prohibits fluid from moving as designed will impact the way your car operates. 

A bad thermostat – the thermostat controls the flow of coolant from the radiator to the engine. If this sticks open or closed, it won’t properly regulate the amount of flow, which can either flood the engine or allow it to overheat. 

A bad radiator fan – all cars use a radiator fan to help with the cooling process. If this doesn’t work, it affects how well your engine operates. 

A bad head gasket – this is often referred to as a “blown head gasket.” This happens when the seal between the cylinder head and the engine block fails. This is what properly seals coolant and oil passages, ensuring the right flow of fluids into the engine. 

What a car overheating looks like

You can’t miss the signs of an overheating engine. If you take action immediately, you may be able to stop engine damage and prevent expensive repair bills. Signs include:

  • The engine temperature gauge on your dashboard starts to climb towards the H or red zone. 
  • Steam, which can look like smoke, comes up from underneath the hood of the car. 
  • A strange smell coming from the engine area. 

If you notice any of these signs, time is of the essence. The longer you drive, the more damage may occur. 

3 things to do when your car overheats

As soon as you notice an engine problem, having a mechanic look at it and make the necessary repairs will prevent further damage. 

1. Turn off the air conditioner. Car’s often experience overheating in the summer as they are under even more pressure to perform. If you’re climbing into the mountains with your air conditioner full blast, it stresses the engine. If you notice it overheating, turn off the air conditioner immediately. Then crank to maximum heat. This helps pull heat away from the engine and allows the compartment to cool down while you find a safe place to pull over and stop the car. It may be a few minutes of being uncomfortable, but it might save your engine from extensive damage. 

2. Pull over and shut off the car. Give your vehicle a chance to cool down without operating for fifteen minutes or more. Keep an eye on the temperature gauge to see if it moves back towards the normal range. You can use this time to plan your next moves. Use roadside assistance if you have it. Phone a friend or call a tow truck to help get your car into a mechanic for inspection and repair. 

3. Restart the engine. If you won’t be towing the car, you can restart the car, carefully watching for any additional changes in the way it operates. Before you start it, you can check coolant levels and add antifreeze if it’s low. You should also watch the temperature gauge as you move your car in for servicing. If the temperature starts to rise again, pull over and shut it off. Tow it to avoid further damage. 

3 things you shouldn’t do when your car overheats

Now that you have a better idea of what you should do if you notice your vehicle overheating, let’s cover a few things that you should avoid. 

1. Don’t panic. When you’re in the heart of traffic and your car suddenly acts up, it can be especially worrisome. Your safety is what matters most. Take a deep breath and find the best way to steer to safety. Avoid swerving through traffic or putting others in harm’s way as you pull off the road. 

2. Stop driving. If your car is overheating, the only way to fix it is through repair. It’s telling you something is wrong underneath the hood. The more you drive it, the more extensive those repairs will be. If you’re a short distance from the service station and your car cools down, you might be okay to drive it. When unsure, it’s better to have it towed. 

3. Don’t open the hood. When you see steam seeping from underneath the hood, it’s only natural to want to open it and release it. Opening the hood at this point can put you at risk of burns or other injuries from this hot steam and smoke. Your best bet is to allow the engine compartment to cool before you open the hood to check coolant levels or look for other signs of damage. 

Prevention is key

Taking care of your car with regular maintenance is one of the best ways to ensure your vehicle doesn’t overheat. If it has regular oil changes and regular coolant fluids, staying up to date with all engine and radiator maintenance, you’re less likely to experience overheating. 

Before heading out on your next road trip, why not ensure your vehicle is well cared for. Schedule your maintenance visit now. 

Brakes Service

Oil Change

Suspension

Transmision Service

Engine Service

Auto Tips & Tricks