In their most rudimentary form, brakes are crafted to bring your car to a stop. Envision the Flintstones, with Fred driving to work. When he needs to brake, his feet hit the ground, digging in until his car comes to a halt. 

Of course, deep down, you know your brakes are more important than that. In addition to stopping your vehicle, they help keep you safe. 

In the very first cars of the 19th and early 20th centuries, braking systems were quite basic compared to modern standards. Most early cars used a simple mechanical braking system called “drum brakes.” These consisted of a drum attached to each wheel, with brake shoes inside the drum. When the driver pressed the brake pedal, the brake shoes would expand against the inner surface of the drum, creating friction and slowing down the wheel’s rotation.

These early braking systems were not very efficient compared to modern brakes. They lacked power assistance, so the driver had to apply significant force to the pedal to slow the vehicle down. They were prone to overheating and fading, especially during prolonged or heavy braking.

Overall, while these early braking systems were a crucial development in automotive history, they were far less effective and sophisticated than the brakes found in cars today.

Car braking system advances 

Oh, if those early drivers of the 20th century could see our cars now. Still, they gave us our starting point, and guidance to move forward. And thankfully for our safety, they’ve made many enhancements. 

Drum brakes were our starting point, but hydraulic brakes paved the way to a safer future. Pioneered by companies like Lockheed, hydraulic brakes became widespread in the 1920s. They used hydraulic fluid to transmit the braking force from the pedal to the wheel cylinders, providing more reliable and consistent braking performance.

Disc brakes were introduced in the automotive industry in the 1950s and gained popularity in the 1960s. Unlike drum brakes, which generate friction internally, disc brakes use brake pads clamping onto a rotating disc (or rotor) to slow down the vehicle. Disc brakes offered improved cooling, reduced fade, and better overall performance.

Anti-lock Braking Systems (ABS) were developed in the 1980s to prevent wheels from locking up during hard braking, allowing the driver to maintain steering control. The system rapidly modulates brake pressure to each wheel, reducing the risk of skidding on slippery surfaces. 

By the 2000s, Electronic Brake Force Distribution (EBD) effectively optimized brake force distribution among the wheels based on driving conditions and load, improving stability and stopping distances. Brake Assist detects emergency braking situations and provides additional braking force, enhancing safety.

Regenerative braking systems capture kinetic energy during deceleration and convert it into electrical energy, which can be stored in batteries or used to power auxiliary systems. This technology is commonly found in hybrid and electric vehicles, improving energy efficiency and range.

Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) features like Electronic Stability Control (ESC), Collision Avoidance Systems, and Autonomous Emergency Braking (AEB) further enhance vehicle safety by assisting drivers in avoiding or mitigating collisions through automatic braking interventions.

Why are advancements essential? For increased safety measures. Car accidents are a fact of life. Over 5 million accidents occurred in 2020, with 35k+ resulting in death. If there is a way to decrease this number, it’s worth the investment. Considering how important braking is to safety, any advancement is essential.

The braking components

You might know and understand what many of the major braking system parts do, but do you know how safety is built in? 

• The brake pedal is designed to provide a comfortable and responsive interface for the driver to apply braking force. It often incorporates an anti-slip surface to prevent the driver’s foot from sliding off during emergency braking.
• The master cylinder converts the mechanical force applied to the brake pedal into hydraulic pressure. Its design ensures consistent and reliable brake fluid delivery to the rest of the braking system, critical for maintaining brake performance and safety.
• Brake lines carry hydraulic fluid from the master cylinder to the brake calipers or wheel cylinders. They are constructed from durable materials resistant to corrosion and abrasion, ensuring the integrity of the braking system under various driving conditions.
• Brake calipers and wheel cylinders contain pistons that apply pressure to the brake pads (disc brakes) or brake shoes (drum brakes) to generate friction and slow down the vehicle. Safety features include sturdy construction to withstand high braking forces and precise engineering to ensure even brake pad or shoe wear, optimizing braking performance.
• Brake pads and shoes are made from friction materials designed to provide consistent braking performance and durability. They’re made from heat-resistant compounds to prevent brake fade, as well as wear indicators that alert the driver when replacement is needed, ensuring continued braking efficiency.
• Brake rotors or brake drums provide the surface against which the brake pads or shoes generate friction. They’re made from robust construction to withstand high temperatures and mechanical stresses, as well as precision machining for smooth braking and reduced vibration.
• ABS prevents wheel lock-up during hard braking by modulating brake pressure to each wheel independently. This technology allows the driver to maintain steering control and stability, reducing the risk of skidding and potential accidents, especially on slippery surfaces.
• EBD optimizes brake force distribution among the wheels based on driving conditions and load, improving stability and stopping distances. By ensuring balanced braking, EBD enhances vehicle control and safety, particularly during emergency maneuvers.
• Brake Assist detects emergency braking situations based on the speed and force applied to the brake pedal and provides additional braking force if needed. This feature helps reduce stopping distances and enhances safety by ensuring maximum brake effectiveness during sudden stops or panic situations.

Brakes and safety – let’s get personal

Why do you drive? Why do you maintain your vehicle? Chances are, it has to do with freedom to move around as you please, and remain safe while doing so. 

Safety doesn’t happen by itself. To keep your car safe means maintaining it well throughout its life. To do that, you should:

Regular maintenance

Ensure your brakes undergo regular inspection and maintenance according to the manufacturer’s recommendations. This includes checking brake fluid levels, inspecting brake pads/shoes for wear, and monitoring the condition of brake lines and components. Ignoring maintenance can lead to decreased braking performance and safety hazards.

Listen and feel

Pay attention to any unusual sounds or sensations when braking, such as squealing, grinding, or vibrations. These could indicate potential issues with the braking system that require immediate attention. Addressing problems early can prevent further damage and ensure continued safety.

Avoid overloading

Be mindful of the vehicle’s weight capacity and avoid overloading it, as this can put excessive strain on the brakes and other components. Overloading can lead to increased stopping distances and reduced brake effectiveness, compromising safety.

Adaptive driving

Practice defensive driving techniques and maintain a safe following distance from other vehicles. Anticipate potential hazards and be prepared to brake gradually or suddenly when necessary. Avoid aggressive driving behaviors that can increase wear on the brakes and escalate safety risks.

Stay informed

Stay informed about any recalls or safety notices related to your vehicle’s braking system. Regularly check for updates from the manufacturer and promptly address any concerns or issues identified. Being proactive about safety recalls can prevent accidents and ensure peace of mind.

Brake in advance

Anticipate upcoming stops or slowdowns and begin braking well in advance. Gradually applying the brakes allows for smoother deceleration and reduces wear on the braking system. Avoid sudden or harsh braking whenever possible, as it can strain the brakes and compromise safety.

Weather awareness

Adjust your driving behavior according to weather conditions, especially during rain, snow, or icy conditions. Wet or slippery roads can significantly affect braking distance and traction. Reduce speed and increase following distance to account for reduced braking effectiveness in adverse weather.

Proper technique

Use proper braking technique by applying steady pressure to the brake pedal rather than jabbing or stomping on it. This allows for smoother deceleration and better control of the vehicle. Avoid resting your foot on the brake pedal while driving, as it can lead to unintended braking and premature wear on the brakes.

Is it time for maintenance?

Ask yourself: when was the last time your brakes were inspected? As we move from winter to spring, now is the perfect chance to ensure you’re ready for the changing seasons. 

Just in time for all of your warm weather driving, we’ll help you stay safe no matter what that entails. 

How can we help you keep your car safe and well-maintained?